Majority Element

Given a sorted array, we need to find the majority element from the sorted array. Majority element: Number occurring more than half the size of the array. Here we have given a number x we have to check it is the majority_element or not.

Example

Input

5 2

1 2 2 2 4

Output

2 is a majority element

Approach 1 for finding Majority Element

We use the concept of Binary Search but in a tricky manner. The binary search can be modified easily to check the first occurrence of the given number x.

Algorithm

1. Check if the middle element of array is x or not .Because any majority_element must be at middle of array if it occurs more than N/2 times.
2. If present then do a custom Binary Search to find the first occurrence of x.
3. The index obtained is say k,then check if  (k+N/2)th  index also has x. If yes then x is a majority_element.

NOTE: Use lower_bound and higher_bound STL functions to do the task easily.

C++ Program for finding Majority Element

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{    
  int n,x;
  cin>>n>>x;  
  int arr[n];
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
     cin>>arr[i];
  }
  int low=lower_bound(arr,arr+N,x)-arr; //index of first occurence of the element
  int high=upper_bound(arr,arr+N,x)-arr; //index of the last occurenece of element
  if(high-low>N/2)
    cout<<x <<" is a majority element\n";
  else
    cout<<x <<" is not a majority element\n";
  return 0;
}

5 2
1 2 2 2 4

2 is a majority element

Approach 2 for finding Majority Element

Algorithm

Loop till the half of the array doing :
a. If the present element is x then check if (the present index + N/2)th index contains x.
b. If it does then x is a majority_element.
c. Else x is not a majority_element.

C++ Program  for finding Majority Element

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{  
  int N,x;
  cin>>N>>x;
  int arr[N];
  for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
  {
      cin>>arr[i];
  }
  int end;
  if(N%2)
    end = N/2+1;
  else
    end = N/2;
    
  for(int i=0;i<end;i++)
  {
    if(arr[i] ==x and x == arr[i+N/2])
    {
      cout << x <<" is a mojority element "  <<endl;
      return 0;
    }
  }
  cout<<x<<" is not a majority element\n";
}

5 2
1 2 3 3 6

2 is not a majority element